TI Forth - Revision history

Stefan Haubenthal: Category

2026-01-28T12:00:37Z

Stefan Haubenthal: Category

2020-10-26T12:02:03Z

Stephen Shaw: add how to enter a floating point number from the keyboard

2014-10-19T12:20:23Z

add how to enter a floating point number from the keyboard

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:20, 19 October 2014
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	What happens if you type in an undefined word? Try it!		What happens if you type in an undefined word? Try it!

			====Entering a floating point number====
			: ENTFP ( --- f ) PAD 1+ DUP 20 EXPECT
			LEN SWAP 1- C! VAL FAC> ;

			Explanation
			The address of PAD+1 is placed on the stack- this is because VAL, perhaps contrary to what the Manual suggests, starts reading the entry at PAD+1. If you just used PAD, you would lose the first character, either the most significant digit, or perhaps a decimal point or a minus sign.

			20 EXPECT allows you to enter up to 20 digits... more than you may need but so what!

			VAL then converts the string to a floating point number.

			FAC> brings the floating point number on to the stack.

			If you want an integer number output, you could use FAC->S instead.

	===Something similar to CALL KEY===		===Something similar to CALL KEY===

Stephen Shaw: /* Copying Forth disks- DSDD */ reflow text

2014-10-15T10:30:23Z

Copying Forth disks- DSDD: reflow text

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:30, 15 October 2014
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	In immediate mode type in:		In immediate mode type in:
	HEX 0 DISK_LO !		HEX 0 DISK_LO !
	: DD 0 BLOCK UPDATE		: DD 0 BLOCK UPDATE
	DUP A + 5A0 SWAP ! DUP C + 1244 SWAP !		DUP A + 5A0 SWAP ! DUP C + 1244 SWAP !
	DUP 10 + 2028 SWAP ! DUP 12 + 202 SWAP !		DUP 10 + 2028 SWAP ! DUP 12 + 202 SWAP !

Stephen Shaw: /* Notes */ add note re copying Forth disks, and note re DSDD disks

2014-10-15T10:28:56Z

Notes: add note re copying Forth disks, and note re DSDD disks

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:28, 15 October 2014
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	When accessing screens you do so only by screen number. Disk one is 0-89, Disk two contains 90-189. .		When accessing screens you do so only by screen number. Disk one is 0-89, Disk two contains 90-189. .

			===Copying FORTH disks (SSSD)===
			TI's DISK MANAGER I module could very happily copy Forth disks, but unfortunately Disk Manager 2 does not: after "copying" with TI Disk Manager 2, you must then use Forth itself to copy Screens 1 to 9. To do this use:

			Insert master disk in drive 1
			Type
			1 BLOCK UPDATE 2 BLOCK UPDATE 3 BLOCK UPDATE 4 BLOCK UPDATE 5 BLOCK UPDATE
			Now insert "copied" disk:
			FLUSH
			Now insert 'master' disk: 6 BLOCK UPDATE 7 BLOCK UPDATE 8 BLOCK UPDATE 9 BLOCK UPDATE
			Insert 'copied' disk:
			FLUSH.

			OR use Forth entirely:

			Master disk in Drive 2, blank initialised disk in Drive 1:
			0 DISK_LO ! FORTH-COPY
			(assumes -COPY has been loaded)

			===Copying Forth disks- DSDD===
			Copying DOUBLE SIDED DOUBLE DENSITY FORTH:

			Initialise a disk DSDD and copy your Forth system disk as above (NB: the initial system disk. not one with a BLOAD system on it)

			Now change Screen 3:
			360 DISK_SIZE !
			n DISK_HI ! [n=number of drives you have at 360 sectors]
			Forth will now recognise your disk as having 360 screens (180 on each side).
			FORTH-COPY however will continue to insist your drive only has 90 screens.... to amend FORTH-COPY you need to amend Screens 39,40,0,and 4.

			i. Edit Screen 39: Change 90 to 360, where it appears in DTEST and twice in FORTH-COPY.

			ii.Edit Screen 40:
			Line 3: Change 168 to 5A0
			Line 4: Change 944 to 1244
			Line 5: Replace line with:
			DUP 10 + 2028 SWAP ! DUP 12 + 0202 SWAP ! DUP 14 + 24 0 FILL
			Line 10: Change 165 to 59D
			Line 13: Change 4016 to C059

			Now edit Screen 33. and modify FORMAT-DISK to read:
			: FORMAT-DISK 1+ 514 33616 ! 18 SYSTEM ;
			All that is left is to modify the header sectors. This is done with a little Forth program. Make sure the “copy” disk is in drive one.

			In immediate mode type in:
			HEX 0 DISK_LO !
			: DD 0 BLOCK UPDATE
			DUP A + 5A0 SWAP ! DUP C + 1244 SWAP !
			DUP 10 + 2028 SWAP ! DUP 12 + 202 SWAP !
			38 + C8 FF FILL 1 BLOCK UPDATE
			DUP E + 570 SWAP ! DUP 1C + 4D20 SWAP !
			DUP 1E + 5205 SWAP ! 20 + F059 SWAP !
			FLUSH ; DECIMAL DD
			The new header is easily copied either by using FORTH-COPY or by copying Screens 0 and 1 onto future Forth disks.

			(from Jim Vincent)

	===16 SYSTEM is CLS===		===16 SYSTEM is CLS===

Stephen Shaw: add important note about ocpying FORTH disks with Disk Manager.

2014-10-15T10:24:16Z

add important note about ocpying FORTH disks with Disk Manager.

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 You receive your disk with TI FORTH on it.
 FIRST: Copy the disk, using your Disk Manager module.
 Note the TI supplied disk is Single Sided Single Density (90k). TI Forth as supplied assumes you are using 90k disk drives.

Stephen Shaw: /* Notes */ note re 16 SYSTEM

2014-10-14T14:24:28Z

Notes: note re 16 SYSTEM

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:24, 14 October 2014
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	When accessing screens you do so only by screen number. Disk one is 0-89, Disk two contains 90-189. .		When accessing screens you do so only by screen number. Disk one is 0-89, Disk two contains 90-189. .

			===16 SYSTEM is CLS===
			Using 16 SYSTEM (decimal!) clears the screen, and you can see from screen 33 that the clear screen word CLS is defined in just this manner! CLS takes up less room than 16 SYSTEM.

	===64SUPPORT===		===64SUPPORT===

Stephen Shaw: /* Taking input from keyboard */ reformat

2014-10-14T14:20:55Z

Taking input from keyboard: reformat

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:20, 14 October 2014
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	This is better:		This is better:
	: TEST QUERY INTERPRET MYSELF ;		: TEST QUERY INTERPRET MYSELF ;
	Now the computer will look at the word you type in when the cursor flashes and treat that word as a FORTH word to be executed. The word MYSELF used above merely repeats the word calling it, e.g. TEST		Now the computer will look at the word you type in when the cursor flashes and treat that word as a FORTH word to be executed. The word MYSELF used above merely repeats the word calling it, e.g. TEST
	Try typing in BEEP (if you have it loaded) or to fall out of the loop, ABORT.
	What happens if you type in an undefined word? Try it!		Try typing in BEEP (if you have it loaded) or to fall out of the loop, ABORT.

			What happens if you type in an undefined word? Try it!

	===Something similar to CALL KEY===		===Something similar to CALL KEY===

Stephen Shaw: /* Notes */ add equivalent to for-next loops, input and call key

2014-10-14T14:20:02Z

Notes: add equivalent to for-next loops, input and call key

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:20, 14 October 2014
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	To change from the 64 column screen to normal, just back out with FCTN 9, then at the bottom of the screen enter the word TEXT [enter].		To change from the 64 column screen to normal, just back out with FCTN 9, then at the bottom of the screen enter the word TEXT [enter].

			===Taking input from keyboard===

			HOW DO YOU ENTER FROM THE KEYBOARD?

			Try using QUERY... for instance:
			: TEST QUERY MYSELF ;
			If you run this word it will ask you to input something, then ask you again, and so on till you get tired of it. We have not inserted any means of escape so you will have to switch off.
			This is better:
			: TEST QUERY INTERPRET MYSELF ;
			Now the computer will look at the word you type in when the cursor flashes and treat that word as a FORTH word to be executed. The word MYSELF used above merely repeats the word calling it, e.g. TEST
			Try typing in BEEP (if you have it loaded) or to fall out of the loop, ABORT.
			What happens if you type in an undefined word? Try it!

			===Something similar to CALL KEY===
			Another useful word is KEY which is the equivalent of CALL KEY... but waits for a key to be pressed, then the key value appears on the stack for you to look at and perhaps use or DROP. Try:
			: TEST KEY EMIT MYSELF ;
			which will form an endless loop!

			A closer equivalent to CALL KEY is one which scans the keyboard and moves on, leaving a value of 0 if no key is pressed:
			: TEST ?KEY IF EMIT MYSELF ELSE DROP MYSELF ENDIF ;

			Lets go back to that endless loop we started with... why not test for CLEAR (Break)? Try:

			: TEST KEY ?TERMINAL IF ABORT ELSE EMIT MYSELF ENDIF ;

			The word MYSELF used above merely repeats the word calling it, e.g. TEST

			Take a look at the TEST above using ?KEY. The basic equivalent is:
			10 CALL KEY(O,K,S)
			20 IF S=0 THEN 10 ELSE PRINT CHRS(K) :: GOTO 10

			===TI Forth for-next loops===
			Well, in Forth we have one important change to BASIC usage: you can only use two variables, called I and J.

			Let's compare Basic to Forth... note that I and J are NOT interchangeable. J is only used when two loops are nested and J is always the OUTER loop counter
			FOR I=I TO 20
			PRINT "TI*MES"
			NEXT I
			is:
			: TEST 21 1 DO ." TI*MES" CR LOOP ;
			Note that 20 has to be 20+1=21 here!

			A little more difficulty then:
			FOR I=4 TO 16
			PRINT I
			NEXT I
			becomes:
			: TEST 17 4 DO I 48 + EMIT CR LOOP ;
			Assuming we are in DECIMAL base!

			We have to add 48 to I to obtain the ASCII of the character we wish to print. The ASCII of number 1 is 49. The I places the counter value on the stack, then we add the 48... ok?

			Now let's get really tricky and use something else...
			FOR I=5 TO 21 STEP 4
			PRINT "STEP"
			NEXT I
			is:
			: TEST 22 5 DO ." STEP" CR 4 +LOOP ;

			We have used +LOOP here, with the STEP immediately in front of it.

			Nested loops? No problem.
			FOR J=1 TO 6
			FOR I=4 TO 12
			PRINT J+I
			NEXT I
			NEXT J

			: TEST 7 I DO 13 4 DO I J + . CR LOOP LOOP ;
			and if you can follow THAT you are well on the way to understanding Forth control!

			Oh yes .... if you really don't like using I, you can use R instead, 'cos again they are completely interchangeable ....

	===Formatting Floppy Disks with TI Forth===		===Formatting Floppy Disks with TI Forth===

Stephen Shaw: /* Screen Dump */ reformat

2014-10-13T19:45:50Z

Screen Dump: reformat

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 13 October 2014
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	In order to EDIT screen 72, we need to load an editor. Choose EITHER the 40 column editor (-EDITOR) or the 64 column editor (-64SUPPORT)		In order to EDIT screen 72, we need to load an editor. Choose EITHER the 40 column editor (-EDITOR) or the 64 column editor (-64SUPPORT)
	(NOTE: To start with do not use the 64 column editor, see note towards the end of this article).		(NOTE: To start with do not use the 64 column editor,
	To load these just key in the name, with the dash in front, and press ENTER.		see note towards the end of this article).
			To load these just key in the name, with the dash
			in front, and press ENTER.

	Now when the cursor reappears, type in 72 EDIT [enter]		Now when the cursor reappears, type in 72 EDIT [enter]
	Screen 72 will be loaded and will appear on screen.		Screen 72 will be loaded and will appear on screen.
	As supplied, screen 72 is set up for RS232. If you use PIO, make the following changes:		As supplied, screen 72 is set up for RS232.
			If you use PIO, make the following changes:
	Line 2: Change >RS232 to >PIO		Line 2: Change >RS232 to >PIO
	Line 3: Change >RS232 to >PIO		Line 3: Change >RS232 to >PIO
	Line 4: Set the string to the actual file name used by your printer, that is " PIO" or " PIO.CR" and so on.		Line 4: Set the string to the actual file name used
	Remember the single space after the first quotes!!!!! (quote, space, PIO, quote)		by your printer, that is " PIO" or " PIO.CR" and so on.
			Remember the single space after the first quotes!!!!!
			(quote, space, PIO, quote)
	Check the screen: some versions have a typing error from TI! lf you see the word PAB_ADDR, you must change it to PAB-ADDR.		Check the screen: some versions have a typing error from TI! lf you see the word PAB_ADDR, you must change it to PAB-ADDR.

Line 58:		Line 63:
	Let's make sure everything really is been cleared out: type in COLD [enter]		Let's make sure everything really is been cleared out: type in COLD [enter]
	and when the cursor reappears, EMPTY-BUFFERS [ENTER]		and when the cursor reappears, EMPTY-BUFFERS [ENTER]


	===Custom Forth Disk===		===Custom Forth Disk===

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:00, 28 January 2026
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	[[Category:Programming]]		[[Category:Programming]]
	[[Category:Disk]]		[[Category:Disk]]
			[[Category:32K]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:02, 26 October 2020
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	When FORTH has finished, the tracks have been laid down on the disk, and a header has been put on the disk for the Console to use: BUT the disk is full of a file called SCREENS, so, in Basic (or Ex Bas), type in:		When FORTH has finished, the tracks have been laid down on the disk, and a header has been put on the disk for the Console to use: BUT the disk is full of a file called SCREENS, so, in Basic (or Ex Bas), type in:
	DELETE "DSK1.SCREENS" and you end up with a blank initialised SSSD disk.		DELETE "DSK1.SCREENS" and you end up with a blank initialised SSSD disk.




	[[Category:Programming language]]		[[Category:Programming language]]
	[[Category:Programming]]		[[Category:Programming]]
			[[Category:Disk]]