Mini Memory - Revision history

Stefan Haubenthal: /* Sample BASIC program storing DATA to Mini Memory */

2020-08-20T20:16:48Z

Sample BASIC program storing DATA to Mini Memory

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:16, 20 August 2020
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	120 PRINT #1: AAA		120 PRINT #1: AAA
	130 CLOSE #1		130 CLOSE #1
	140 OPEN #1: "~~MlNIMEM~~", APPEND		140 OPEN #1: "MINIMEM", APPEND
	150 PRINT #1: 1234		150 PRINT #1: 1234
	160 CLOSE #1		160 CLOSE #1

Mizapf: /* CALL PEEK / CALL LOAD */

2016-07-10T21:34:20Z

CALL PEEK / CALL LOAD

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:34, 10 July 2016
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	CALL PEEK is similar to the PEEK operation used in many computers to look at memory contents. You can get the contents of one location or several consecutive ones, depending on the number of variables that are passed. The CPU RAM comprises of the 4k mini memory, the 32k expansion memory, and the 255 bytes of CPU ram in the console. CALL PEEK can also be used to examine the contents of CPU ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY).		CALL PEEK is similar to the PEEK operation used in many computers to look at memory contents. You can get the contents of one location or several consecutive ones, depending on the number of variables that are passed. The CPU RAM comprises of the 4k mini memory, the 32k expansion memory, and the 255 bytes of CPU ram in the console. CALL PEEK can also be used to examine the contents of CPU ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY).

	Likewise, CALL LOAD allows for changing the contents of single or consecutive memory locations in the computer. CALL LOAD is also used to load machine programs as [[tagged object code]].		Likewise, CALL LOAD allows for changing the contents of single or consecutive memory locations in the computer. CALL LOAD is also used to load machine programs as [[Tagged Object Code\|tagged object code]].

	If you have a speech synthesizer try this line in a BASIC program with the Mini Memory module plugged in:		If you have a speech synthesizer try this line in a BASIC program with the Mini Memory module plugged in:

Mizapf: /* Sample programs */

2016-07-10T11:53:38Z

Sample programs

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:53, 10 July 2016
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	Turn your console on and select TI BASIC. Now to reserve some VDP RAM to store the music in:		Turn your console on and select TI BASIC. Now to reserve some VDP RAM to store the music in:

	~~----~~ If you have a disk controller~~, you can use~~:		If you have a disk controller:
	~~----~~ CALL FILES(1) ~~---- then~~ NEW.		* CALL FILES(1)
	~~----then key~~ the program in and RUN it.		* Enter NEW
			* Type in the program, SAVE it, and RUN it.

	~~OR - If~~ you do not have a disk controller, you can still reserve memory. The ~~CALL~~ FILES reserves space at the top of VDP ~~ram, and this is controlled~~ by ~~a couple of bytes in CPU~~ RAM.~~.. we~~ can use CALL LOAD to do the same thing~~...~~		Otherwise, if you do not have a disk controller, you can still reserve memory directly. The FILES subprogram from the disk controller actually reserves space at the top of VDP RAM by setting the VDP RAM top pointer. We can use CALL LOAD to do the same thing:

	Type in CALL LOAD(-31888,50,0)		* Type in CALL LOAD(-31888,50,0)
	~~then enter~~ NEW.		* Enter NEW
	~~then key~~ in the program and RUN it!		* Type in the program, SAVE it, and RUN it.

	~~That~~ NEW ~~above~~ is important. ~~It tells the computer to remap~~ VDP. ~~This it does after reference~~ to ~~location -31888~~.		The NEW command is important because the BASIC interpreter will set up its memory tables only after NEW, not after changing the pointer. The VDP RAM top pointer is at address >8370, which means -31888 as a signed decimal number. You have to load two bytes for the 16 bit address. Obviously, for 16 KiB memory, the maximum value is >3FFF, which means you would have to load the bytes 63 and 255 (3F, FF). In this case we want to reverse space at address 12800 = >3200, so the first byte is decimal 50, the second is 0. This gives us about 3.5 KiB for the music, far more than this program needs!
	~~Loading -31888 with 50 and 0 tells~~ the ~~computer~~ the ~~TI BASIC program can commence not~~ at ~~its normal 16383~~, but instead at 256*50+0~~= 12800~~.

	~~This gives us about 3.5k for the music, far more than this program needs!~~		First the listing, then an explanation. The CALL SOUND in line 100 is required for the Mini Memory.

	First the listing then an explanation. The CALL SOUND in line 100 is required for the ~~MINIMEM~~.

	100 CALL SOUND(-2,30000,0)		100 CALL SOUND(-2,30000,0)
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	Therefore the minimum note is 1/60th of a second!		Therefore the minimum note is 1/60th of a second!

	Line 550 tells the computer where the SOUND TABLE can be found:		Line 550 tells the computer where the SOUND TABLE can be found: 55*256+16 = 14096. (Check line 280). Line 580 is an instruction to the computer: START PLAYING
	55*256+16 = 14096. (Check line 280)
	Line 580 is an instruction to the computer: START PLAYING

	Then we go into a loop which demonstrates that the computer carries on playing without further instruction.		Then we go into a loop which demonstrates that the computer carries on playing without further instruction.

Mizapf at 11:41, 10 July 2016

2016-07-10T11:41:53Z

Show changes

Mizapf: /* EXTENSIONS TO TI BASIC */

2016-07-10T11:29:09Z

EXTENSIONS TO TI BASIC

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:29, 10 July 2016
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	is the correct address - the manual suggests 23 in error.		is the correct address - the manual suggests 23 in error.

	=~~EXTENSIONS TO~~ TI BASIC=		== Subprograms available in TI BASIC ==
	The mini memory adds some commands for use in your TI BASIC programs, allowing you to PEEK and POKE both CPU and VDP memory, and to obtain the hexadecimal string defining any character:		The mini memory adds some commands for use in your TI BASIC programs, allowing you to PEEK and POKE both CPU and VDP memory, and to obtain the hexadecimal string defining any character:

	See also the article [[Using VDP with BASIC]]		See also the article [[Using VDP with BASIC]]

	==CALL CHARPAT==		=== CALL CHARPAT ===
	is used to obtain the defining string for a character, which you may then manipulate with SEG$ and redefine with CALL CHAR.		is used to obtain the defining string for a character, which you may then manipulate with SEG$ and redefine with CALL CHAR.

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	A$=SEG$(A$,1,14)&"FF"		A$=SEG$(A$,1,14)&"FF"

	==CALL ~~LINK~~==		=== CALL PEEK / CALL LOAD ===
	~~permits a TI BASIC program to use a machine code utility or program stored in the Mini Memory with CALL LOAD.~~

			CALL PEEK is similar to the PEEK operation used in many computers to look at memory contents. You can get the contents of one location or several consecutive ones, depending on the number of variables that are passed. The CPU RAM comprises of the 4k mini memory, the 32k expansion memory, and the 255 bytes of CPU ram in the console. CALL PEEK can also be used to examine the contents of CPU ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY).

	~~==PEEK and POKE==~~		Likewise, CALL LOAD allows for changing the contents of single or consecutive memory locations in the computer. CALL LOAD is also used to load machine programs as [[tagged object code]].
	~~are used in many computers to look at and change~~ the contents of ~~one~~ single memory ~~location~~ in the computer. ~~The 99/4A console has 16k of user memory (RAM) known as VDP RAM, which~~ is ~~not directly addressable by the CPU (Central Processing Unit). The Mini Memory is the ONLY module available which allows you access~~ to ~~the VDP ram~~.

	===CALL PEEKV and CALL POKEV===		If you have a speech synthesizer try this line in a BASIC program with the Mini Memory module plugged in:
	~~are used~~, ~~and samples~~ may be seen in preceeding chapter on advanced programming. They may be used to look at your PROGRAM, or to manipulate the SCREEN DISPLAY or to otherwise play around with the VDP ram.		CALL LOAD(-27648,70,"",-27648,65,"",-27648,72,"",-27648,70,"",-27648,64,"",-27648,80)

			This also works with Extended Basic with Expansion Memory.

			References: Editor Assembler Manual: pages 351. 355. 422 to 427 (Errata: The reference in para 1, page 355. should be to Section 22.1.4. not as printed in the manual).

			Also refer to the article [[Speech#Using CALL LOADs for SPEECH\|Speech with CALL LOAD]] and the article [[Sound with CALL LOAD]]

			=== CALL LINK ===

			This subprogram permits a TI BASIC program to use a machine code utility or program stored in the Mini Memory with CALL LOAD.

			=== CALL PEEKV and CALL POKEV ===

			The 99/4A console has 16k of video memory (RAM) known as VDP RAM, which is not directly addressable by the CPU (Central Processing Unit). The Mini Memory is the ONLY module available which allows you access to the VDP RAM by subprograms.

			Samples may be seen in preceeding chapter on advanced programming. They may be used to look at your PROGRAM, or to manipulate the SCREEN DISPLAY or to otherwise play around with the VDP ram.

	====Automatic Music====		====Automatic Music====
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	260 GOTO 200		260 GOTO 200
	270 END		270 END

	~~===CALL LOAD and CALL PEEK===~~
	are used to access the CPU RAM, which comprises of the 4k mini memory, the 32k expansion memory, and the 255 bytes of CPU ram in the console. CALL PEEK can also be used to examine the contents of CPU ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY).

	~~If you have a speech synthesiser try this line in a BASIC program with the Mini Memory module plugged in:~~
	~~CALL LOAD(-27648,70,"",-27648,65,"",-27648,72,"",-27648,70,"",-27648,64,"",-27648,80)~~

	~~This also works with Extended Basic with Expansion Memory.~~

	~~References: Editor Assembler Manual: pages 351. 355. 422 to 427 (Errata: The reference in para 1, page 355. should be to Section 22.1.4. not as printed in the manual).~~

	~~Also refer to the article [[Speech#Using CALL LOADs for SPEECH\|Speech with CALL LOAD]]~~
	~~and the article [[Sound with CALL LOAD]]~~

	=CAUTION=		=CAUTION=

Stephen Shaw: /* Assembly Language access */ note manual error re XMLLNK and CIF.

2015-07-12T11:05:16Z

Assembly Language access: note manual error re XMLLNK and CIF.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 12 July 2015
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	Machine code is a 'low level' language, which is not as easy to use as BASIC. Because the computer does not have to translate the commands, a machine code program may be as much as 1600 times faster than a TI Basic program.		Machine code is a 'low level' language, which is not as easy to use as BASIC. Because the computer does not have to translate the commands, a machine code program may be as much as 1600 times faster than a TI Basic program.

			===Manual Correction===
			If you wish to convert an integer number to floating point, you will use CIF. The minimemory manual seems to have been cut and pasted from the Editor Assembler manual here, and you need to note the following correction:

			BLWP @XMLLNK

			DATA >7200

			is the correct address - the manual suggests 23 in error.

	=EXTENSIONS TO TI BASIC=		=EXTENSIONS TO TI BASIC=

Stephen Shaw: /* Assembly Language access */ link to Editor Assembler

2015-01-05T19:34:59Z

Assembly Language access: link to Editor Assembler

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:34, 5 January 2015
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	With the module a cassette is supplied with a 'line by line assembler' which provides a primitive and difficult to use method of writing your own machine code programs.		With the module a cassette is supplied with a 'line by line assembler' which provides a primitive and difficult to use method of writing your own machine code programs.

	You will need to purchase the Editor/Assembler manual for information on the 99/4A Assembly language, and should be aware that the manual is not written for the novice.		You will need to purchase the [[Editor/Assembler]] manual for information on the 99/4A Assembly language, and should be aware that the manual is not written for the novice.

	The LBLA itself occupies the module, and the maximum machine code program you may write with it is therefore about 750 bytes. A few machine code games are now appearing on cassette which can be loaded into the module.		The LBLA itself occupies the module, and the maximum machine code program you may write with it is therefore about 750 bytes. A few machine code games are now appearing on cassette which can be loaded into the module.
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	The mini memory provides a low cost entry into the field of machine code programming.		The mini memory provides a low cost entry into the field of machine code programming.

	Machine code is a 'low level' language, which is not as easy to use as BASIC. Because the computer does not have to translate the commands, a machine code program may be as much as 1600 times faster than a TI Basic program.		Machine code is a 'low level' language, which is not as easy to use as BASIC. Because the computer does not have to translate the commands, a machine code program may be as much as 1600 times faster than a TI Basic program.

	=EXTENSIONS TO TI BASIC=		=EXTENSIONS TO TI BASIC=

Stephen Shaw: /* File Handling */ link to Memory Expansion Cards

2015-01-05T19:33:20Z

File Handling: link to Memory Expansion Cards

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:33, 5 January 2015
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	The module itself can be used in a [[TI BASIC]] program as though it was a single disk file called "MINIMEM", and all the file handling commands available with disk drives will work with the module. It has a battery backup, and the information you store in the module will therefore remain after you switch your console off.		The module itself can be used in a [[TI BASIC]] program as though it was a single disk file called "MINIMEM", and all the file handling commands available with disk drives will work with the module. It has a battery backup, and the information you store in the module will therefore remain after you switch your console off.

	The module permits you to use the 32k Expansion Memory as a second 'solid state disk drive' called "EXPMEM2", which may store up to 24k of data. This data is lost when the 32k expansion is switched off.		The module permits you to use the [[Memory Expansion Cards\|32k Expansion Memory]] as a second 'solid state disk drive' called "EXPMEM2", which may store up to 24k of data. This data is lost when the 32k expansion is switched off.

	Using either the module or the 32k expansion as data files, the information is retrieved even more quickly than with a disk drive. The computer does not have to waste time in moving a disk drive head over the disk.		Using either the module or the 32k expansion as data files, the information is retrieved even more quickly than with a disk drive. The computer does not have to waste time in moving a disk drive head over the disk.

Stephen Shaw: /* File Handling */ add link to TI Basic

2015-01-05T19:31:53Z

File Handling: add link to TI Basic

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:31, 5 January 2015
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	==File Handling==		==File Handling==
	The module itself can be used in a TI BASIC program as though it was a single disk file called "MINIMEM", and all the file handling commands available with disk drives will work with the module. It has a battery backup, and the information you store in the module will therefore remain after you switch your console off.		The module itself can be used in a [[TI BASIC]] program as though it was a single disk file called "MINIMEM", and all the file handling commands available with disk drives will work with the module. It has a battery backup, and the information you store in the module will therefore remain after you switch your console off.

	The module permits you to use the 32k Expansion Memory as a second 'solid state disk drive' called "EXPMEM2", which may store up to 24k of data. This data is lost when the 32k expansion is switched off.		The module permits you to use the 32k Expansion Memory as a second 'solid state disk drive' called "EXPMEM2", which may store up to 24k of data. This data is lost when the 32k expansion is switched off.

Stephen Shaw: /* File Handling */ Using EXPMEM1 without using file MINIMEM

2014-10-16T20:27:43Z

File Handling: Using EXPMEM1 without using file MINIMEM

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:27, 16 October 2014
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	SEQUENTIAL, DISPLAY, VARIABLE 80.		SEQUENTIAL, DISPLAY, VARIABLE 80.

			===Using EXPMEM1===
			Minimemory enables you to use MINIMEM and EXPMEM2 as files for data - and if you FIRST open a file to MINIMEM, than you are allowed to use EXPMEM1 as a datafile.

			However, you can if you choose use EXPMEM1 without having to use MINIMEM, by tricking the console:

			100 CALL PEEK(28672,S1,S2)
			110 CALL LOAD(28672,90,l65)
			120 OPEN #1:"EXPMEM1",OUTPUT
			INTERNAL, FIXED 60
			130 CALL LOAD(28672,S1,S2)

			A false value is placed into 28672, the file opened, and 28672 then restored.